Modelo 390 is an annual tax return required from most self-employed workers (freelancers) and small business entities operating in Spain. It serves as an informative summary detailing all transactions subject to Value Added Tax (VAT or *IVA*) carried out during the calendar year, acting as a direct reconciliation mechanism for the Spanish Tax Agency (AEAT).
Although filing this form does not require any additional tax payment—it is strictly informational—it demands complete accuracy. Below, we explain its core requirements and how modern invoicing rules affect its preparation.
Who Must File Modelo 390 and What Are the Deadlines?
As a general rule, any sole trader or legal entity registered for VAT and submitting quarterly Modelo 303 returns must also file Modelo 390.
The official filing window runs from January 1 to January 30 of the year following the tax year in question. Therefore, the annual summary for the current fiscal period is filed during the first month of the subsequent year.
Exemptions from Filing Modelo 390
Certain taxpayers are not required to submit this form:
- Freelancers operating under the simplified regime (*módulos*) or the equivalence surcharge regime who complete the specific summary sections within the Q4 Modelo 303 return.
- Landlords leasing urban property whose activities are fully subject to VAT and not exempt without withholding.
- Taxpayers enrolled in the Immediate Supply of Information system (SII).
Matching Modelo 303 and Modelo 390: Avoiding Discrepancies
The most common issue when submitting Modelo 390 is a mismatch with previous quarterly Modelo 303 filings. The aggregate sum of your taxable bases, output VAT collected, and input VAT deducted across all four quarters must match the totals declared on Modelo 390.
Any discrepancies automatically trigger automated verification inquiries and potential penalties from the AEAT. These inconsistencies typically stem from late-recorded invoices, rounding differences, or managing books through disconnected spreadsheets.
VeriFactu and Automated VAT Reconciliation
Spain's fiscal landscape is transitioning toward full electronic compliance. Under the VeriFactu roadmap—mandatory from January 1, 2027, for companies and from July 1, 2027, for freelancers and microenterprises—manual cross-check errors will be eliminated. You can review all compliance rules in our VeriFactu guide for freelancers.
As businesses move away from insecure documents and review whether they can continue invoicing in Excel or Word with VeriFactu, modern tools allow users to importar Excel a VeriFactu smoothly. Businesses are also modernizing legacy databases by choosing to importar Factusol a VeriFactu, importar Sage 50, or importar Holded.
Software teams and enterprises are adopting direct integración ERP VeriFactu via an official API VeriFactu or implementing a dedicated pasarela VeriFactu para software. Generating tamper-proof chained invoice records ensures that your annual VAT numbers are always verified.
To keep your invoicing compliant and simplify tax reporting, Fakturia.es provides cloud invoicing software fully updated for the Anti-Fraud Act and VeriFactu standards.